The Gupta Empire
Much of northern and central India was united in the forth to sixth centuries AD and remained so for two centuries, under the Gupta Empire. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known among its admirers as the classical age or even "Golden Age" of Hindu civilization. Sanskrit literature was of a high standard; extensive knowledge in astronomy, mathematics, and medicine was gained; and
flowered. Society became more settled and more hierarchical and rigid social codes emerged that separated castes and occupations. The Guptas maintained loose control over the upper Indus Valley.
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